So while I'm in the camp of prefering engines designed from the get go for aircraft, still the idea is intriguing. Here's what I would do to start with for two different scenarios depending on aircraft size:
For big boy planes first, I would look at many years worth of Paris to Dakar rallies. I'm sure there are many categories, not just standard and modified. In the categories of standard and slightly modified (whatever that might be called) which cars were the most reliable? Not including the support trucks, which had an open class of their own at one stage. I suspect an 11 litre DAF truck engine is a bit out of the airplane league 😄
Don't look only at what won, but what used the least spares, and what spares were needed. That there is your most reliable, bullet proof engine most akin to an aircraft engine. Will probably be over engineered in some places, and maybe a tad weaker in others, but to me would be your best bet.
Talking of bullet proof, for ultralights, look no further than a late 80s Suzuki GSX1100. Around 120hp, air-cooled. Built in gear box sounds a hindrance at first thought. But you need a reduction box anyway. Pull out all the gears and lay shafts and just fit the minimal to get your prop right. The output shaft already is designed to take an absolute flogging from the chain drive. Maybe a short prop shaft and bobs your uncle! The only downside with my pick is these engines are now 30-40 years old, so careful reconditioning is key.