onetrack

The Trelleborg data sheet (link below) shows that the largest proportion of Trelleborg farm/turf/light industrial tyres are usually rated at 30kmh. However, Trelleborg do make a few tyres that are rated for 100kmh.

These Trelleborg tyres are accordingly marked, "HS", to indicate their High Speed rating.

Unfortunately, there's only one Trelleborg tyre in 6" rim size that is rated HS - and unfortunately, that tyre comes only in 4.10/3.50-6 size, which is not an aircraft tyre size.

You need to go up to 8" rim sizes to find a bigger range of Trelleborg HS tyres.

https://www.trelleborg.com/wheels/-/media/tires-aft/datatsheet/brochure/trelleborg_light_industrial_tire_eng_master_2019_lr.pdf?rev=418828deaa6c4944abda1a13971e10df&hash=A2243F893E2457308FC9D517E3A4B6F7

Interestingly, Wagga Bike Tyres says that the Trelleborg T510 in 13x5.00-6 size with a 6ply rating, is the Jabiru recommendation for the Jab nosewheel tyre. 

But the Trelleborg data sheet specifies the Trelleborg T510 in 13x5.00-6 with 6 ply rating, as only having a speed rating of 30kmh - but the tyre does have a load rating of 250kg.

I must say I'm a little surprised at this Jabiru choice of nosewheel tyre, but perhaps they discussed their choice with Trelleborg, and Trelleborg advised that their speed rating is a rating for a consistent speed, and overspeed for short distances is permissible.

https://www.waggabiketyres.com/lsa_tyres.html

(CORRECTION TO PREVIOUS POSTING: I only just noticed my fat finger hit "2" instead of "1" in my previous posting. Of course, a tyre load doubling as a result of a heavy landing, means the figure should be "1000kgs", not "2000kgs")

The acronyms are certainly confusing - but a Digital EMS in aircraft usually refers to Digital Engine Monitoring System.

Just remember that the 8.00 x 6 Carlisle "Turf Glide" tyres have a speed rating of A3 - which is 15kmh or 9mph. They also have a load index of 49 - which is 185kgs or 408lbs. 

I'd be very reluctant to fit tyres with this low a speed and load index rating, when your landing speed is say 70 or 80 kmh, and you could be landing with over 500kgs dropping on them, as they make contact with the ground.

From my crane training, if you drop a suspended load 50mm or 2", and then stop it falling, it doubles the loading on the rigging (the chain or wire rope).

Thus, a fast descent with a rough and bouncy landing could be doubling the load being applied to the tyres.

So it's quite feasible a rough landing in the average kitplane could be placing a shock loading (albeit, a transient loading) of up to 2000kgs on the tyres.

It's a bit of a credit to tyre manufacturers that the safety margin built in to tyres is pretty huge, but it still pays to know what your tyres are designed and specified to handle.

.... Mark wasn't to be defeated as easily as that, though. He was made of sterner stuff, and his Navy upbringing was ready to shine through. Here was a bloke who had kept 1/3rd of Australia safe and protected from the ravages of a nasty virus - while the carefree, careless, undisciplined East Coasters suffered through tens of thousands of virus cases, while their economy ground to a halt around them.

Marky sneezed and coughed .......... and the East Coast troops fled in fear. They well understood what a sneeze and cough meant. They ran so fast they dropped their weapons, and fell over each other to get away, to avoid the dreaded COVID-19 virus.

But Marky laughed as he watched them retreat in abject terror. He'd only pretended to sneeze and cough. He was as healthy as any other West Australian, virtually none of whom had even seen a COVID-19 case, let alone caught the bug themselves. It was those East Coasters who were the virus-carrying lepers, and good riddance to them, too! - as Mark watched their dust trails lessen.

He turned to OT and said, "What a great team we have here! We could take on...........

But whut heppens when a Kiwi is tusked with talking to a Seth African on the radio? 

.......he thought that Turbo has overstepped his abilities this time, in trying to invade W.A., because Gina Rinehart had heard on the grapevine that Turbo was invading W.A. to take over her mines.

But unfortunately for both Turbo and Cappy, Cappys map of the enemy area was seriously deficient (as has been the problem in most badly-run wars) - and where Cappy had marked "mines" with the crossed picks symbol, the symbol should have been the skull and crossbones symbol, to mark "mines" (as in "minefield").

That simple error led Turbo and his Commanding Officer, Field-Marshall "Ratty" Cook into the major minefield that Gina had set. The tanks disappeared in clouds of flame, smoke and dust as one after another, they ran over anti-tank mines.

At the sight of the tanks blowing up, Turbo's badly-trained troops turned and fled (another little failure caused by Field Marshall "Ratty" Cook spending more time testing out the contents of the mess alcohol stocks, instead of concentrating on increased troop toughening-up).

Turbos invasion of W.A. was becoming doomed to failure - and when he heard that OT, the decorated Vietnam Veteran with a chest full of medals from his outstanding bravery and actions in 'Nam, had been promoted to Gina's Commanding Officer of the W.A. Mine Protection Force (W.A.M.P.F.), that was all he needed, to call off the invasion of W.A. 

It didn't help that all the West Australians he came across in his travels said, "We fully intend to keep W.A. sealed off from you East Coast lepers for as long as it takes, and Marky Mark has our full support, and besides there's an election coming up soon, and Clive needs to be.......

Apart from the good flying lesson as regards the botched go-around - I must say I'm pretty impressed with the strength of a Cessna, for him to hit the ground that hard, without the aircraft breaking up! 

Marty, the link below will help you out. See "Three-number tire sizing". The first number is supposed to be the tyre diameter when inflated, but this is a "rubbery" dimension (pun intended), according to the individual tyre manufacturer.

https://www.tires-easy.com/blog/lawn-tractor-tires-sizing-buying-guide/#:~:text=15×6.00-6 is,the width of the rim.

Back Country Pilot has written up what appears to be a pretty informative "knowledge" article on aircraft tyres and sizing.

https://backcountrypilot.org/knowledge-base/aircraft/90-knowledge-base/aircraft/188-tire-guide

I'd think you might have to import, as a special order, any "non-standard" set of tyres. Be aware that the speed rating on golf cart and turf tyres is generally pretty low - about 20mph (32kmh).

.....who were past masters at the black art of playing with balls. However, the WWCC was more interested in Turbine Industries interpretation of "playing", when it came to games.

In the WWCC there were a number of players who were noted for their love of playing - but there were also some members who were noted as being disinterested in playing - while quite a few were actually past being any good at playing with anything.

Amongst the latter group, there was a gent who was quite well known to the NES readers, but whose playing skills today were strictly limited to playing with.......

.....there's also situated, Turbine Industries secret manufacturing facilities for their new, highly advanced PATD.

"This huge technological leap forward, has to be manufactured in secret, in a cave on the W.A./N.T. border, to keep the W.A. and N.T. politicians confused, and to make sure Chinese and Russian spies don't find it!", said Turbo, as he addressed the gathering for the opening.

"If the secrets of my new PATD were to be discovered by our enemies, the design would be knocked up in some foreign backwater at 1/20th the cost of manufacturing it here - and more importantly, the sky would be full of falling cheap TIPATD copies!"

"I don't understand why you aren't manufacturing in some foreign backwater already, so you can increase your profits by 2000%, just like every other corporation?", said Cappy loudly. "You could still oversee and install the important parts such as the anti-gravity engine, that keeps it up there!"

"SHHHH!!", hissed Turbo under his breath. "Do you want to give away all our secrets? There could be a Chinese satellite eavesdropping on us, as we speak!!"

Right at that moment, both Turbo and Cappy were alarmed to see a bright light and hear a loud..............

Skippy, that's not too bad a price, but having to buy that length of hose seems a bit extreme, and it will take you years to get your investment back. And the problem is rubber hose deteriorates just sitting around, even with good storage conditions.

I'm sure someone will sell you a shorter length, even if it does come out at a higher cost per metre. Try this bloke in the link below, he's located at Caboolture, but I'd have to guess he'd more than likely be helpful.

https://www.industrysearch.com.au/australian-hose-fittings/s/9767

EDIT - After carrying out more research on the above company, it appears the Industry Search site information is obsolete. Australian Hose Fittings changed their name to Taipan Hydraulic Hose Systems in 2017, and the parent company does not sell hose or fittings directly to owners or operators - but they have a range of distributors, and there's likely to be one in your area.

Taipan sell many of the major brands of hose and fittings, and they list Gates as a hose brand they supply.

https://taipan.com.au/find-a-stockist/

.....sound advice, good planning, steady management and a track record in the industry that is second to none. The graffiti on the back of the cubicle door in the Mens Room at Parliament House has obviously been done by a Liberal politician who was on his way out of the place, and who had to watch out the door didn't slam into his ar**.

Turbo was still hanging out to gather up the information on the anti-gravity device (AGD) that OT had hinted at. If he could corner the market in AGD's, he could add them to his PATD's and advertise his "PATD with AGD", which made it sound like "Corvette with ABS".

But OT rapidly found out the information about the anti-gravity stuff wasn't forthcoming too readily. The Director of the Anti-Gravity Centre, a normally friendly bloke by the name of Ivan Gott Liftoff (Ive for short), was blunt with OT, when he fielded OT's questions about the anti-gravity stuff.

"You know we'll never release this stuff we've found, for public information, don't you?", he told OT. "The potential of this knowledge is on a par with A-Bomb knowledge in 1944! It's more than Top Secret,  it's so secret, that even the classification level is secret! If the Russians or the Chinese ever found out what we knew, we would be.......

Is it the camera angle or my imagination, but is the airstrip in the first half of the video sloping downwards in the direction they're landing? That'd sure keep the landing speed up.

You gotta remember, in 1942, all those landings were excellent landings! They got the aircraft down in one piece!

What a great classic historical film record! There's some superb huge "flying machines" for the era, in there! 

I'm not so sure I like the outside locks on the doors!? There sure wasn't much crash planning in those days!

I trust all you blokes ensure you swab your tyres with a big broom, and bucket full of detergent, right after every landing? - just like that bloke was doing to Heracles? 

.......selling electric personal air transportation, envisaging profits beyond his wildest dreams - far more than any cat farm, or even designing accessories for trucks. The trucks were a mature market, the cat farm was under pressure from environmentalists and PETA - but the sky was the limit when it came to personal air transportation devices!

Turbo could see himself ranked as an industrial leader of the free world, and his face featuring on the cover of TIME magazine, once he had the personal air transportation devices (PATD's) nailed.

The secret to winning the race on PATD's was only a matter of ensuring they stayed up there, when the power units failed. Accordingly, an anti-gravitation device was called for as part and parcel of the design.

The problem was finding an anti-gravitational device that worked, was reliable, and which didn't weight multiple tonnes - or which wasn't a fantasy in the mind of some crank who constantly claimed he had extra-terrestial powers. There had to be one out there.

He knew of only one bloke who could help in his quest - and it was the retired mining and contracting magnate from the Western part of the continent, who had contacts everywhere, who had sighted and driven every man-made device known - even the crank ones - and who would be able to help him out in his drive to conquer the world with his PATD's and beat Bill Gates, Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos at their own game.

He picked up his phone and dialled OT's number. When OT answered, Turbo said, "I need an anti-gravitational device that works, is light, is cheap - and I need it now! Where can I get one?" 

OT thought hard. There was a Gravitational Wave Discovery Centre at Yeal, W.A., and he was on first name terms with the Centre Director. There was a rumour they'd discovered anti-gravity matter there, but he just needed to find out more about it.

He said to Turbo, "Just give me a couple of days, and I'll get back to you with some worthwhile information. But it could cost you".

"How much?" growled Turbo. "I don't know yet", said OT. "This stuff is hush-hush, don't you realise that? If you continue down this road, you could get a visit from.......

Here's the story of the amazing Geoffrey Wikner ....

https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/5913582/flying-from-england-to-australia-in-a-wwii-bomber/

He was not only a successful aircraft designer, he was also a successful businessman, and he was also a dedicated ferry pilot during WW2, and personally delivered approximately 1000 aircraft during Wartime.

He also flew a total of 67 different aircraft types. No endorsements needed in those days, I guess! "Can you fly this type and model of aircraft, sir?" "Yes, no problem, they all fly pretty much the same!" 

But even prior to that era of the Wicko monoplane - in 1922, Geoffrey and his brother built an incredible race car, called the Wikner Model T Special.

It was built along the lines of aircraft construction - because Geoffrey actually wanted to build an aircraft in 1922, but he couldn't find any financial backers!

https://www.tradeuniquecars.com.au/feature-cars/1205/wikner-model-t-special-(1922)-feature-review

Marty - Don't forget your aircraft will sit lower on the undercarriage when it's at MTOW. I presume you factored the weight of pilot, passenger, fuel and "luggage", into your calculations?

I don't think there's any fear of getting "under spec" components, the way that Skippy chases down all the precise specifications, to ensure that they're not under-specc'ed.

But the potential problem that I see with using other than a "genuine" hose, is in the attachment method/fittings for the hose. "Non-genuine" hoses often specify the manufacturers specific fittings for their hose - such as machine-clamped, crimped fittings with threaded ends. Some of these "non-genuine" hoses may not be amenable to utilising hose clamps, if that is what the oil cooler utilises.

I must agree 100% with Skippy on the price-gouging for replacement parts. I know many people care little about what a part or component costs, as long as they can get it now. 

I have spent almost all of the last 55 years (apart from military service), chasing down better prices for parts and components. I don't have a problem with a high price for a part or component, if it contains exotic engineering and materials.

But 95% of parts and components are over-priced, guaranteed to ensure a minimum of 100% profit margin, and in some cases, up to 500% profit margin. The situation has only worsened with the rush to manufacturing in China.

Even "Brand name" American manufacturers who proudly fly the Stars and Stripes on their product boxes, obviously see no problem with manufacturing their products in China - and charging the same price, as if the item was manufactured in the U.S.

It may be admirable supporting a business who you believe needs support, and who gives you good support. But when the markup on parts and components becomes an eye watering difference, as compared to other suppliers, you just have to question how much you're being shafted, all in the name of "good business support".

One of the things I have found after 55 yrs in business, is that businesses come and go like the wind - even large ones, who are highly susceptible to takeovers and buyouts - and the business you spent many tens of thousands of dollars supporting, suddenly disappears in a bankruptcy caused by factors beyond the particular businesses control - or the manager ran off with the owners wife, and the owner "lost it" - or some "trusted" employee scammed the owner with massive internal theft, resulting in the business going down the drain in weeks, like a tub of dishwater.

The sheer beauty of our instant communication, online, internet age, is that now we can compare prices online in seconds, with many businesses. If a business fails to show prices, and insists you call them to find out the price, you be assured they're charging exorbitant prices that they have to try to justify, by "talking you around", or by finding out what you're willing to pay - or if they quickly realise you have a bulging wallet, that they feel the need to unburden you from.

.....replacing the winch cable, which promptly snapped under the combined weight of the two slightly overweight aviators, when the winch operator tried to lift them. OT's handling of the Blackhawk appeared to be less than perfect, because the sudden and extreme load on the winch, followed by the winch cable going, "BANG!", made the Blackhawk drop and then rise like a dinghy in a heavy swell on Port Phillip Bay when a winter Sou'-Westerly was blowing a gale.

But OT regained control of the Blackhawk rapidly, like the true consummate professional he is - but he swore a little under his breath when he saw the frayed cable swaying below the Blackhawk, and he knew this was Mission Abort. So he gently eased the cyclic forward, whilst watching the main rotor RPM, and the 3,244HP of the twin turbines ......

Alan, the webpage below lists the current COVID-19 exemptions and extensions. The largest majority of the extensions and relief measures given, end on March 31, 2022.

Some extensions are to 2023, and some even to 1st Jan 2024 - but there is no longer any extension time for medicals.

I see no major problem with you proceeding with a medical appt. Yes, we do live in a era of serious apprehension of catching any variety of COVID-19, but if you're double vaccinated, and even better, triple vaccinated - and if you follow all the COVID-19 protocols and regulations, the risk is low. Your doctors surgery won't be "full of COVID-19-carrying, sick people".

https://www.casa.gov.au/operations-safety-and-travel/safety-advice/covid-19-advice-industry/covid-19-exemptions-and-instruments#

https://www.casa.gov.au/licences-and-certificates/aviation-medicals/medical-certificates/renew-medical-certificate

You are correct, I erred with insufficient research - Gates do indeed manufacture a wide range of industrial and hydraulic hoses.

I have only ever used Gates hoses and belts - Aeroquip have always been my preferred hydraulic hose - but I just realised I have a pallet of Gates high pressure spiral wire hydraulic hose in my workshop! (acquired in a minesite surplus auction).

Gates manufacture a high temperature transmission oil cooler return hose that is rated to 149°C. Hardy Spicer are the Gates industrial hose supplier.

https://www.hardyspicer.com.au/hoses-fittings/gates-hose/

(See "MegaTech 250" hose in this catalogue) https://www.hardyspicer.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/D1_Hyd_Hose.pdf

Gates do not involve themselves in industrial hose manufacturing. Their hose products are purely automotive, and the Gates 27066 is an automotive transmission cooler hose.

The specs state it is rated to 250psi (1.72MPa) maximum operating pressure and a maximum operating temperature of 135°C, which is a bare minimum for hot engine/transmission oil, IMO.

Transmission oil temps can go to 150°C on hot days and with heavy tow loads.

https://www.gates.com/us/en/fluid-power/engine-hose/transmission-oil-cooler-hose.p.3289-000000-000001.v.3319-03359.html

However, the Aeroquip products are extensively hydraulic system products, and as such have much higher pressure and temperature ratings.

The FC598 hose is a "low pressure" hydraulic return line hose, but it is rated to 150°C and 1600psi (11MPa) burst pressure.

However the FC598 hose may be less flexible than the Gates product, and you need to envisage the level of hose flexibility required for your purpose.

https://www.eaton.com/us/en-us/skuPage.FC598-08.specifications.html

You never place organic material into any road/airstrip base formation. Organic material, such as weeds, roots, leaves, branches, any pieces of wood placed into a soil formation that you require to be load-bearing, will decompose, then the formation will lose its constructed strength, and start to collapse in height, and in load-bearing ability.

All weeds and vegetation material must be graded off to one side of your required formation area - and if you really need the soil that goes with the root system of the material you've graded to one side, then you have to allow the weeds and organic material to die off, and then grade it lightly again to separate the organic material from the dirt you want to use.

Quite often, you need to hand-pick vegetation and organic material out of formation construction material - particularly tree roots/dead stump remnants.

Load-bearing formations such as roads and airstrips must be constructed out of a satisfactory blend of clay, sand and pebbly material, if available.

You need an adequate percentage of clay at a minimum level, and that percentage is around 15% of the total construction material. Pebbles are desirable to act as an additional binder medium, and a load-bearing medium - but are not 100% necessary.

You can range your formation material within the range of 85% clay with 15% sand, to 15% clay with 85% sand, and anywhere between these levels will make a satisfactory load-bearing road/airstrip base material that will provide good service when compacted.

Too high a clay content, and the surface becomes slippery when wet. Too high a sand and pebble content, and the material will not bind together, and it will become dusty when dry and break up under use.

You can often "blend" the various levels of soil materials, to make a good formation mix - particularly where there is a few centimetres of sand over clay or gravel. Pulling up the lower levels of the clay or gravel with the grader moldboard, and mixing it thoroughly with the top level of sandy material, often produces a good construction mix. You need to blend the mixture thoroughly by repeated steep-angled passes of the grader across the whole formation width.

Compaction and moisture levels are the next important factors. Moisture is required to obtain satisfactory compaction levels, as the moisture lubricates the particles of sand, clay and pebbles as they are being compacted, and makes them fit more tightly together, giving you a solid surface that resists water ingress. 

Compaction is required to a level that is well above the ground pressure being exerted on the formation by the equipment being used - and that includes ground pressure overloads caused by heavy landings.

Finally, the formation must be rounded in its cross-section profile (camber) to ensure adequate drainage, and to eliminate water pooling. The camber (centre to edge) should be around 2%, but 1% can suffice on high-clay-level material. 

Finally, shallow drains each side of the formation are needed to carry away the sizeable volumes of water that run off a formation in heavy rain - and those drains must run to lower levels again to ensure that all runoff water is disposed of, and doesn't lay around in the drains and thereby penetrate the sides of the formation and weaken the formation structure.

Naturally, those drains each side of a airstrip must be shallow, so that aircraft that accidentally depart the formation, can travel through the drains on their wheels without incurring major damage.

As a matter of opinion, I'd suggest your 3PL grader is wholly inadequate for airstrip construction, and a motor grader with its greater operating weight and power, bigger moldboard, and faster speed over the ground, with greater levelling accuracy, is the proper machine to use for this job.

(My qualifications? 55 years of earthmoving construction, dam excavation and construction, drainage and flood-mitigation work, along with the construction of many many kms of new roads, old road renovations, existing road widening, airstrip construction, catchment area construction. Trained military construction engineer [School of Military Engineering, Casula]. Qualified operator of dozens of types of plant and equipment, qualified equipment operator trainer).

Quote

The AIRCRAFT were Commandeered by the government. You had no choice. Nev

That is true, for the aircraft that were already here and owned by civilians. The Govt did the same thing with near-new cars and trucks. That's why a lot of people joined up. If you had a new taxi or a new tip truck, and the military stopped you in the street and commandeered it on the spot (it happened, quite regularly, in 1940-41 in particular), you immediately had no income, so you joined up, to keep up your income.

But the aircraft I spoke of, were specifically purchased new, by the wealthy from aircraft factories in America, and upon arrival, they were immediately donated to the Govt for military use.

Berendsen Fluid Power will be able to supply Eaton Aeroquip hose.

https://www.berendsen.com.au/about-us/locations/

Gates has a search system on their website for their distributors. You will probably need to find an Industrial Gates distributor.

https://www.gatesaustralia.com.au/where-to-buy

I have always found Aeroquip and Gates hoses to be very satisfactory products, provided the conditions in use, do not exceed the hose specifications.